Diuretics Treatment for Hypertension

Diuretics are very commonly used in the treatment of hypertension. They were first introduced in the 1950’s, so that their effectivness has been tested over a long time. They are often the first drug of choice for people with stage 1 hypertension.

Diuretics act on the kidneys. They help the body eliminate sodium and water, thus reducing blood volume. When less blood flows throught the arteries, the pressure on the artery walls decreases.

There are three kinds of diuretics:

Thiazide diuretics - Increase water excretion moderately, and are used for long-term treatment.

Loop diuretics - More powerful drugs, that remove a large amount of sodium from the kidneys and are used especially in emergencies, or if thiazide diuretis are not effective.

Potassium sparing diuretics - Help retain potassium while removing sodium from your blood. If you suffer from impaired kidneys, this type of diuretic can lead to exessive potassium levels and cause heart rhythm irregularities.

Diuretics side effects

• Frequent urination - This is the most common side effect of diuretics, and is usually felt for up to six hours after taking the pill. Try taking the last dose of medicine as early as possible, in order to have a quiet night.
   
• Dizziness and weakness - May affect older people, often disappearing after a period of adjustment. If the symptoms persist, consult your doctor.
   
• Cramps - A side effect related to low levels of potassium. Make sure you are taking potassium according to perscription, and consult your doctor.
   
• Dehydration - This may cause dizziness, thirst, excessive dryness of the mouth, dark-coloured urine or constipation. Drinking more will NOT take care of the problem - call your doctor.
   
• Rashes - These may appear, but only rarely. In such cases, stop taking the medication, and contact your doctor immediately.
   
• Loss of appetite and vomiting - Check levels of potassium, and contact your doctor.
   
• Gout - In rare cases, a slight increase in the blood levels of sugar and cholesterol may lead to the development of gout .
   
• Hyponatremia - This rare side effect is related to a low concentraion of sodium in the blood, and may cause confusion and headaches, even leading to a coma.
   

Diuretics are not recommended for pregnant or nursing women.

Children can safely take diuretics, usually in smaller doses.

Elderly people can use diuretics, but should be more cautious about side effects.