Hypertension and Children

Children's hypertension is usually secondary hypertension – that is, in most cases it has a definite cause such as kidney disease or hormonal problems. One of the most common causes of hypertension in children is coarctation of the aorta, a rare hereditary disorder, in which a segment of the main large artery leading from the heart is constricted. The condition is usually detected and treated during early childhood.

However, lifestyle changes in the western world have raised the number of hypertensive children (that is, children with essential hypertension). Unhealthy eating habits, lack of physical activity and higher percentage of obesity are some contributing factors.

When treating children with essential hypertension, lifestyle changes are generally the first step. This may be difficult, as young children find it hard to stick to a healthy diet, and teenagers may protest against the restrictions on their choices.

Medication is usually given to children only if lifestyle changes are impossible, or fail to solve the problem. Children can safely take diuretics, usually in smaller doses. They may also take ACE inhibitors, but more attention should be given to potential side effects.

Hypertension in children does not have symptoms, and is usually discovered only when complications occur. These complications may be severe, such as damage to the heart, eyes and other organs.